SELECT 
  PI.product_id, 
  F1.id AS file_id, 
  F1.path AS file, 
  (
    SELECT 
      PI1.alt 
    FROM 
      `cscart_products__images` PI1 
    WHERE 
      PI1.original_file_id = F1.id
  ) AS file_alt, 
  F2.id AS big_file_id, 
  F2.path AS big_file, 
  (
    SELECT 
      PI2.alt 
    FROM 
      `cscart_products__images` PI2 
    WHERE 
      PI2.watermark_big_file_id = F2.id
  ) AS big_file_alt, 
  F3.id AS small_file_id, 
  F3.path AS small_file, 
  (
    SELECT 
      PI3.alt 
    FROM 
      `cscart_products__images` PI3 
    WHERE 
      PI3.watermark_small_file_id = F3.id
  ) AS small_file_alt 
FROM 
  `cscart_products__images` AS `PI` 
  LEFT JOIN `files` AS `F1` ON `F1`.`id` = `PI`.`original_file_id` 
  LEFT JOIN `files` AS `F2` ON `F2`.`id` = `PI`.`watermark_big_file_id` 
  LEFT JOIN `files` AS `F3` ON `F3`.`id` = `PI`.`watermark_small_file_id` 
WHERE 
  `PI`.`product_id` = 28917

Query time 0.00049

Result

product_id file_id file file_alt big_file_id big_file big_file_alt small_file_id small_file small_file_alt
28917 365834 https://s3.timeweb.cloud/482029f9-prod/products__images/28917_f34ca97e3ddb_28918_7cf920a4995d_0_a623104f0f56_jraacjglumI%252520%2525281%252529.jpg 365835 https://s3.timeweb.cloud/482029f9-prod/products__images/28917_7c41d5ea65b9_28918_7cf920a4995d_0_a623104f0f56_jraacjglumI%252520%2525281%252529.webp 365836 https://s3.timeweb.cloud/482029f9-prod/products__images/28917_31d7ed2b8756_28918_7cf920a4995d_0_a623104f0f56_jraacjglumI%252520%2525281%252529.webp