SELECT 
  `F`.`path`, 
  `PI`.`product_id`, 
  `PI`.`alt` 
FROM 
  `cscart_products__images` AS `PI` 
  LEFT JOIN `files` AS `F` ON `PI`.`watermark_small_file_id` = `F`.`id` 
WHERE 
  `PI`.`product_id` IN (
    '3776', '3775', '3774', '3772', '3770', 
    '3771', '3773', '3783', '3778', '3779', 
    '3780', '3781'
  )

Query time 0.04845

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "17.23"
    },
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "PI",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": [
            "product_id"
          ],
          "key": "product_id",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "product_id"
          ],
          "key_length": "3",
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 12,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "index_condition": "(`dev2`.`PI`.`product_id` in ('3776','3775','3774','3772','3770','3771','3773','3783','3778','3779','3780','3781'))",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "7.21",
            "eval_cost": "1.20",
            "prefix_cost": "8.41",
            "data_read_per_join": "1K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "product_id",
            "watermark_small_file_id",
            "alt"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "F",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": [
            "PRIMARY"
          ],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "used_key_parts": [
            "id"
          ],
          "key_length": "4",
          "ref": [
            "dev2.PI.watermark_small_file_id"
          ],
          "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
          "rows_produced_per_join": 12,
          "filtered": "100.00",
          "cost_info": {
            "read_cost": "7.62",
            "eval_cost": "1.20",
            "prefix_cost": "17.23",
            "data_read_per_join": "44K"
          },
          "used_columns": [
            "id",
            "path"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}